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Venus of Hohle Fels
The Venus of Hohle Fels (also known as the Venus of Schelklingen; in German variously ''ドイツ語:Venus vom Hohlen Fels, vom Hohle Fels; Venus von Schelklingen'') is an Upper Paleolithic figurine of a woman hewn from the ivory of a mammoth tusk that was found in 2008 near Schelklingen, Germany. It is dated to between 35,000 and 40,000 years ago, belonging to the early Aurignacian, at the very beginning of the Upper Paleolithic, which is associated with the earliest presence of ''Cro-Magnon'' in Europe. This female figure is the oldest undisputed example of human figurative prehistoric art yet discovered. In terms of figurative art only the lion-headed, zoomorphic Löwenmensch figurine is older. During 2011, the Venus figurine was still being researched in the University of Tübingen, although there are plans to house it and other discoveries from the region in a new museum planned in Swabia.〔Benz, Otto, (''CDU und Freie Wähler wollen einen „Steinzeitpark“'' ), www.schwaebische.de, news story (in German), July 7, 2011〕
==Context==
The Swabian Alb region of Germany has a number of caves that have yielded many mammoth-ivory artifacts of the Upper Paleolithic period. Approximately twenty-five items have been discovered to date. These include the Löwenmensch figurine of Hohlenstein-Stadel dated to 40,000 years ago,〔http://www.theartnewspaper.com/articles/Ice-Age-iLion-Mani-is-worlds-earliest-figurative-sculpture/28595〕 and an ivory flute found at Geißenklösterle, dated to 42,000 years ago.〔http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-18196349〕 This mountainous region is located in Baden-Württemberg and is bounded by the Danube in the southeast, the upper Neckar in the northwest, and in the southwest it rises to the higher mountains of the Black Forest.
This concentration of evidence of full behavioral modernity, including figurative art and instrumental music among humans in the period of 40 to 30 thousand years ago, is unique worldwide and its discoverer, archaeologist Nicholas Conard, speculates that the bearers of the Aurignacian culture in the Swabian Alb may be credited with the invention, not just of figurative art and music, but possibly, the earlest religious practices as well.〔''(Älteste Menschenfigur der Welt gefunden )'' Südwestrundfunk 14 May 2009.〕 Within a distance of 70 cm to the Venus figurine, Conard's team also found a flute made from a vulture bone.〔http://www.epoc.de/artikel/999323&_z=798890〕 Additional artifacts excavated from the same cave layer included flint-knapping debris, worked bone, and carved ivory as well as remains of tarpans, reindeer, cave bears, woolly mammoths, and Alpine Ibexes.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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